List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa
The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa. This list does not include the land or freshwater molluscs.
This is a sub-list of the list of marine gastropods of South Africa, which is in turn a sub-list of the list of marine molluscs of South Africa.
Heterobranchia
Architectonicidae
- Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1]
Siphonariidae - False limpets
- Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)[1]
- Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
- Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958[2]
- Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)[1]
- Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)[1]
Ringiculidae
- Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915[3]
Acteonidae
- Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Acteon flammeus (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Acteon pudicus (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Rictaxis albis (Sowerby, 1873)[3]
- Japonacteon sp.[3]
- Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa niecaensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Pupa suturalis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)[3]
Bullinidae
- Bullina scabra Gmelin, 1791[3]
- Bullina oblonga Sowerby, 1897[3]
Hydatinidae
Cylichnidae
- Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)[3]
- Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)[3]
- Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)[3]
- Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)[3]
- Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915[3]
- Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920[3]
- Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925[3]
- Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903[3]
- Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890[3]
- Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859[3]
- Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)[3]
Retusidae
- Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792[3]
- Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
Philinidae
Gastropteridae
- Gastropteron flavobrunneum Gosliner, 1984[3]
- Gastropteron alboaurantium Gosliner, 1984[3]
Aglajidae
- Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)[3]
- Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938[3]
- Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[3]
Haminoeidae
- Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)[3]
- Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)[1][3]
- Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)[3]
- Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864[3]
- Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)[3]
- Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3]
Runcinidae
Bullidae
- Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)[3]
Limacinidae
- Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)[3] (cf. [6])
- Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
Cavoliniidae
- Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)[3]
- Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)[3]
- Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)[3]
- Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)[3]
- Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850[3]
- Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)[3]
- Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767[3]
- Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)[3]
- Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)[3]
Peraclididae
- Peraclis moluccensis (Tesch, 1903)[3]
- Peraclis reticulata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
Cymbuliidae
Desmopteridae
- Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889[3]
Clionidae
Pneumodermatidae
- Spongiobranchaea australis (d'Orbigny, 1836)[3] (Pelagic, southern hemisphere)[8]
Akeridae
- Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)[3]
Aplysiidae
Oxynoidae
Juliidae
Volvatellidae
- Ascobulla fischeri (Adams & Angas, 1864)[3]
- Volvatella laguncula Sowerby, 1894[3]
Placobranchidae
- Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954[3]
- Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Elysia livida Baba, 1955[3]
- Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928[3]
- Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp.[4][5] This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.
- Elysia spp. (7)[3]
Limapontiidae
Caliphyllidae
Hermaeidae
Umbraculidae
Pleurobranchidae
- Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803)[3]
- Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957[3]
- Berthella sp.[3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina citrina (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Cape Point to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) [4][5] (This may replace previous entry B. citrina)
- Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)[3]
- Pleurobranchaea algoensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Pleurobranchaea brockii Bergh, 1897[3]
- Pleurobranchaea melanopus Bergh, 1907[3]
- Pleurobranchaea pleurobrancheana (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Dwarf warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea tarda Verrill, 1880[3][4][5]
- Warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea bubala Marcus and Gosliner, 1984 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Mosaic pleurobranch Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905) [4][5]
- Pleurobranchus disceptus O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Pleurobranchus inhacae Macnae, 1962[3]
- Pleurobranchus moebii Vayssiere, 1898[3]
- Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Pleurobranchus papillosa (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus peroni Cuvier, 1804[3]
- Pleurobranchus perrieri Vayssiere, 1896[3]
- Pleurobranchus sculptata (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus xhosa Macnae, 1962[3]
Bathydorididae
- Doriodoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963[3]
Dorididae
- Aldisa benguelae Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Three-spot nudibranch Aldisa trimaculata Gosliner, 1985[3][4][5]
- ?Alloiodoris inhacae O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Archidoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Archidoris scripta Bergh, 1907[3]
- Rugby ball dorid or Spined dorid Atagema rugosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3][4][5]
- Atagema gibba Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3]
- Warty dorid Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 Orange river to Eastern Cape[1][3][4][5]
- Doris granosa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Doris spp. (2)[3]
- Doriopsis pecten (Collingwood, 1881)[3]
- ? Ocellate dorid Gargamella sp.1[3][5]
- ?Gargamella sp.2[3]
- Velvet dorid Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)[3][5]
- Dotted nudibranch Jorunna zania (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)Marcus 1976[1][3]
The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner[3]:
- Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848
- Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907
- Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907
- Doris glabella Bergh, 1907
Actinocyclidae
Chromodorididae
- Saddled nudibranch Cadlina sp.1[3][5]
- Brown-dotted nudibranch Cadlina sp.1[3][4][5]
- Cadlina sp.2[3]
- Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928)[9]
- Ceratosoma cornigerum (Adams and Reeve, 1850)[3]
- Inkspot nudibranch or Lipstick nudibranch Ceratosoma ingozi Gosliner, 1996[3][4][5]
- Ceratosoma tenue Abraham, 1876[9]
- Chromodoris africana Eliot 1904[3][9]
- Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris alderi Collingwood, 1881[3]
- Polka-dot chromodorid Chromodoris annulata Eliot 1904< (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)ref name="Two Oceans" />[3]
- Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982[9]
- Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984[9]
- Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858[9]
- Chromodoris geminusRudman, 1987[9]
- Chromodoris cf. geminus[9]
- Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928[3][9]
- Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977[3][9]
- Red-spotted nudibranch or Heather's nudibranch Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994[4][5]
- Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905[3]
- Chromodoris marginata Pease, 1860[3]
- Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1888[3]
- Chromodoris tinctaria (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[9]
- Gaudy chromodorid Chromodoris vicina Eliot, 1904 (Central to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Chromodoris spp. (7)[3]
- Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832)[3]
- Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier 1804)[3][9]
- Glossodoris cinta (Bergh, 1888)[9]
- Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1830)[9]
- Glossodoris symmetricus Rudman, 1990[9]
- Glossodoris undaurum Rudman, 1985[9]
- Glossodoris spp. (4)[3]
- Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881)[9]
- Cape dorid Hypselodoris capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Columbine to Transkei)[1][3][4][5]
- Hypselodoris carnea (Bergh, 1889)[3][9]
- Hypselodoris fucata Gosliner & Johnson, 1999[9]
- Mottled dorid Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)[9]
- Hypselodoris maridadilis Rudman, 1977[3]
- Hypselodoris rudmani Gosliner and Johnson, 1999[9]
- Hypselodoris spp. (3) [3]
- Hypselodoris sp.[9]
- Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949[3]
- Protea nudibranch Noumea protea Gosliner, 1994 [3][5]
- Risbecia pulchella (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[3][9]
- Thorunna horologica Rudman, 1984[3][9]
Discodorididae
- Discodoris coerulescens Bergh, 1888[3]
- Discodoris fragilis (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3]
- Small-spot dorid Discodoris sp.1[3][5]
- Discodoris sp.2[3]
- Blotchy dorid Geitodoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3][5]
- Anisodoris sp. (2)[3]
- Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910[3]
- Thordisa punctifera Bergh, 1907[3]
- Thordisa spp. (2)[3]
- ? Variable dorid Aphelodoris brunnea Bergh, 1907[5](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ? Chocolate-chip nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 1[4][5]
- ? Brown-spotted nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 2[4][5]
- ? Spiky nudibranch Aphelodoris sp.3[4][5]
- ?Sclerodoris apiculata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ?Sclerodoris coriacea (Eliot, 1904)[3](see above)
- ?Sclerodoris sp.[3](see above)
- ?Artachaea sp,[3](see above)
- Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1928[9]
- Halgerda dichromis Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda tessellata Bergh, 1880[9]
- Halgerda toliara Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904[3]
- Halgerda formosa Bergh, 1880[3]
- Halgerda punctata Farran, 1902[3]
- Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877)[3]
- Red sponge nudibranch or Orange doridRostanga elandsia Garovoy, Valdes & Gosliner, 2001[3][4][5]
- Rostanga spp. (2)[3]
Phyllidiidae
Dendrodorididae
Mandeliidae
Onchidorididae
Corambidae
Goniodorididae
Polyceridae
- Crimora sp.[3]
- Kalinga ornata Alder and Hancock, 1864[3]
- Tasseled nudibranch Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835)[3][4][5]
- Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia clavigera (Muller, 1776) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933[3]
- Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924[3]
- Plocamophorus maculatus (Pease, 1860)[3]
- Plocamophorus sp.[3]
- Crowned nudibranch Polycera capensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964[3]
- Four lined nudibranch Polycera quadrilineata (Muller, 1776)[3][4]
- Polycera sp.[3] (not same as Twin crowned or Orange lined crowned)
- Twin-crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.1[4][5]
- Orange lined crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.2[5]
- Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Roboastra luteolineata (Baba, 1936)[3]
- Black nudibranch Tambja capensis (Bergh, 1907) (Cape Point to Tsitsikamma)[1][3][4][5]
- Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Tambja sp.[3]
- Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883)[3]
- Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1804)[3]
- Thecacera sp.[3]
Aegiridae
Gymnodorididae
Hexabranchidae
Okadaiidae
- Okadaia elegans Baba 1931[3]
Charcotiidae
Dotidae
Embletoniidae
- Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928[3]
Proctonotidae
Arminidae
Tritoniidae
Aranucidae
- Marianina rosea Pruvot-Fol, 1930[3]
Bornellidae
- Bornella adamsi Gray, 1850[3]
- Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1983[3][9]
Dendronotidae
Scyllaeidae
Tethydidae
Flabellinidae
Fionidae
Eubranchidae
Tergipedidae
Aeolidiidae
- Indian nudibranch Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][4][5]
- Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928[3]
- Berghia chaka Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Baeolidia palythoae Gosliner, 1985[3]
Facelinidae
- Night sky nudibranch Amanda armata Macnae, 1954[3][4][5]
- Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)[3]
- Black-dot nudibranch Caloria sp. 1[3][4][5]
- Yellow-tipped nudibranch Caloria sp. 2[3][4][5]
- Caloria sp. 3[3]
- Orange eyed nudibranch or White tipped nudibranch Cratena capensis Barnard, 1927 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970[3]
- Elegant nudibranch Cratena sp.1[3][5]
- Cratena spp. (+3)[3]
- Echinopsole fulvus Macnae, 1954[3]
- Olive nudibranch Facelina olivacea Macnae, 1954[3][5]
- Facellina annulata Macnae, 1954[3]
- Facellina sp.[3]
- Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949[3]
- Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968[3]
- Moridilla brockii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium serratum (Baba, 1949) (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) [4][5] (this may replace previous entry P. serratum)
- Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831[3]
- Phyllodesmium sp. [9]
- Pruvotfolia pselloites (Labbe, 1923)[3]
- Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864)[9]
Glaucidae
Family ?
- Platydoris scabra (Cuvier 1806)[3]
- Platydoris cruenta (Quoy and Gaimard 1932)[3]
- Platydoris sp.[3]
Cavoliniidae
- Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.[1]
Onchidiidae
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
- ^ Kilburn R. N. (1996). Siphonaria compressa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk Gosliner, Terrence. Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa Sea Challengers, Monterey, 1987. ISBN 0-930118-13-8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN978-0-620-41639-9
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca Zsilavecz, Guido. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. SURG, Cape Town, 2007. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
- ^ Hunt B., Strugnell J., Bednarsek N., Linse K., Nelson R. J., Pakhomov E., Seibel B., Steinke D. & Würzberg L. (2010). "Poles Apart: The “Bipolar” Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans". PLoS ONE 5(3): e9835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009835.
- ^ Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989) Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
- ^ http://www.itis.gov accessed 5 January 2010
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak King, Dennis. Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs: East and south coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 2002
Further reading